Academic Phrasebank Sample PDF University. University of Westminster. Module. Financial Accounting 1. Uploaded by. Shuhan Li. Academic year. / Helpful? 0 0. Share. Comments. Please sign in or register to post comments. Students also viewed. Sample/practice exam May , questions and answers Seminar Questions 5 Seminar Six - Substance over foam and revision The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study
Academic Phrasebank Enhanced PDF version – Personal Copy Navigable Edition
The Academic Phrasebank is ageneral resource for academicwriters. AcademicPhrasebankA compendium of commonlyused phrasal elements inacademic English in PDF format enhanced editionDr John Morley. Navigable PDF version The University of ManchesterThe Academic Phrasebank is for the sole use of the individual who has downloaded it from www. Distribution of The Academic Phrasebank by electronic e. via email, web download or any other means is strictlyprohibited and constitutes copyright infringement.
If you see this version of The AcademicPhrasebank made available anywhere else, please contact [email protected] immediately. PrefaceThe Academic Phrasebank is a general resource for academic writers. Other phrases are listed under the more general communicativefunctions of academic writing.
The resource was designed primarily for academic and scientific writers who are non-native speakersof English. However, native writers may still find much of the material helpful.
In fact, recent academic phrasebank 2018 pdf that the majority of users are native speakers of English. The phrases, and the headings under which they are listed, can be used simply to assist you inthinking about academic phrasebank 2018 pdf content and organisation of your own writing, or the phrases can be incorporatedinto your writing where this is appropriate.
In most cases, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf, a certain amount of creativity andadaptation will be necessary when a phrase is used. The Academic Phrasebank is not discipline specific.
Nevertheless, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf, it should be particularly useful forwriters who need to report their empirical studies. The phrases are content neutral and generic innature; in using them, therefore, you are not stealing other people's ideas and this does notconstitute plagiarism, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf. Most of the phrases in this compendium have been organised according to the main sections of aresearch report, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf.
However, it is an over-simplification to associate the phrases only with the section inwhich they have been placed here. In reality, for example, many of phrases used for referring toother studies may be found academic phrasebank 2018 pdf a research report. In the current PDF version, additional material, which is not phraseological, has been incorporated. These additional sections should be helpful to you as a writer. Dr John Morley, Pag e. ContentsAbout Academic Phrasebank. About Academic PhrasebankTheoretical InfluencesThe Academic Phrasebank largely draws on an approach to analysing academic texts originallypioneered by John Swales in the s.
This unit of rhetorical analysis is usedas one of the main organising sub-categories of the Academic Phrasebank. Swales not only identifiedcommonly-used moves in article introductions, but he was interested in showing the kind oflanguage which was used to achieve the communicative purpose of each move. Much of thislanguage was phraseological in nature. The resource also draws upon psycholinguistic insights into how language is learnt and produced. It isnow accepted that much of the language we use is academic phrasebank 2018 pdf that it is acquired, stored andretrieved as pre-formulated constructions Bolinger, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf, ; Pawley and Syder, These insightsbegan to be supported empirically as computer technology permitted the identification of recurrentphraseological patterns in very large corpora of spoken and written English using specialisedsoftware e.
Sinclair, Phrasebank recognises that there is an important phraseologicaldimension to academic language and attempts to make examples of this explicit. Sources academic phrasebank 2018 pdf the phrasesThe vast majority of phrases in this resource have been taken from authentic academic sources. However, phrases from academic articles drawn from abroad spectrum of disciplines have also been, and continue to be, incorporated. Where content words have been included for exemplificatory purposes, these aresubstitutions of the original words.
In selecting a phrase for inclusion into the Academic Phrasebank,the following questions are asked: does it serve a useful communicative purpose in academic text? are the content words nouns, verbs, adjectives generic in nature?
When is it acceptable to reuse phrases in academic writing? In a recent study Davis and Morley,45 academics from two British universities were surveyedto determine whether reusing phrases was a legitimate activity for academic writers, and if so, whatkind of phrases could be reused, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf. From the survey and later from in-depth interviews, the followingcharacteristics for acceptability emerged. A reused phrase: should not have a unique or original construction;should not express a clear point of view of another academic phrasebank 2018 pdf on the phrase, may be up to nine words in length; beyond this 'acceptability'declines;may contain up to four generic content words nouns, verbs or adjectives which are notbound to a specific topic.
Some of the entries in the Academic Phrasebank, contain specific content words which have beenincluded for illustrative purposes. These words should be substituted when the phrases are used. Inthe phrases below, for example, the content words in bold should be substituted:4 Pag e. X is a major public health problem, and the cause of. X is the leading cause of death in western-industrialised countries.
The many thousands of disciplinary-specific phrases which can be found in academic communicationcomprise a separate category of phrases. These tend to be shorter than the generic phrases listed inAcademic Phrasebank, and typically academic phrasebank 2018 pdf of noun phrases or combinations of these.
Acceptabilityfor reusing these is determined by the extent to which they are used and understood by members ofa particular academic community.
Further workDevelopment of the website content is ongoing. In addition, research is currently being carried outon the ways in which experienced and less-experienced writers make use of the AcademicPhrasebank. Another project is seeking to find out more about ways in which teachers of English foracademic purposes make use of this resource. References and related reading Bolinger, D. Forum Linguisticum, 1, pp. Cowie, A.
and Béjoint, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf, H. London: MacMillan. Davis, M. Journal Second Language Writing 28 2 ,pp. Hopkins, A. and Dudley-Evans, A. English for Specific Purposes, 7 2pp. Pawley, A. In: Richards, J. and Schmidt, R. Longman: New York. Sinclair, J. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Swales, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf, J. Aspects of article introductions Aston ESP Research Report No.
Birmingham: Language Studies Unit: University of Aston. Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. Wood, D. London: Bloomsbury, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf. Wray, A. Language and Communication, 20, pp. Introducing WorkThere are many ways to introduce an academic essay or short paper. In very short assignments, it is not uncommon for awriter to commence simply by stating the purpose of their writing and by indicating how it isorganised.
Introductions to research dissertations and theses tend to be relatively short compared to the othersections of the text but quite complex in terms of their functional elements.
Note that there may be a certain amount of overlap between someof the categories under which the phrases are listed. Also, the order in which the differentcategories of phrases are shown reflects a typical order but this is far from fixed or rigid, and not allthe elements are present in all introductions. A number of analysts have identified common patterns in the introductions of research articles. One of the best known is the CARS model create a research space first described by John Swales 1.
This model, which utilises an ecological metaphor, has, in its simplest form, three academic phrasebank 2018 pdf moves: 1Establishing the territory establishing importance of the topic, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf, reviewing previous work Identifying a niche indicating a gap in academic phrasebank 2018 pdf Occupying the niche listing purpose of new research, listing questions, stating value,indicating structure of writing Swales, J. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Establishing the importance of the topic for the disciplineA key aspect of X is X is of interest because X is a classic problem in A primary concern of X is X is a dominant feature of X is a fundamental property of Xs are the most widely-investigated Studies on X represent a growing field.
X is an increasingly important area in. The concepts of X and Y are central to X is at the heart of our understanding of X is attracting considerable critical attention, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf.
Central to the theory of X is the Y hypothesis. X has been shown to occur in many different Investigating X is a continuing concern within X is a major area of interest within the field of X has been studied by many researchers using X has been the subject of many classic studies in X has been instrumental in our understanding of The theory of X provides a useful account of how X has been an important concept in the study of the Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of One of the most significant current discussions in X is X has been the subject of much systematic investigation.
The issue of X has received considerable critical attention. Understanding the complexity of X is vitally important if X has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields, academic phrasebank 2018 pdf. The role of X in Y has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in academic phrasebank 2018 pdf years.
Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline: time frame givenX was one of the most popular Ys during Recent years have seen renewed interest in Traditionally, Xs have subscribed to the belief that Recent trends in X have led to a proliferation of studies that.
Recent years have witnessed a growing academic interest in The nature of X has been the subject of several recent papers. Over the past century, there has been a dramatic increase in X proved an important literary genre in the early Y community. X has received considerable scholarly attention in recent years In recent years, researchers have shown an increased interest in.
Recently, considerable literature has grown academic phrasebank 2018 pdf around the theme of Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of In the last few decades, there has been a surge of interest in the effects of For more than a century, scientists have been interested in the existence of The most significant recent developments in this direction have been those of The discovery of X in has triggered a huge amount of innovative scientific inquiry.
The Academic Phrasebank
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The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study The academic phrase bank is available in different forms, it is accessible through their website and is also available to purchase as an e-book. One of the motivations behind REF-N-WRITE Phrasebank is to create a fully searchable library of academic phrases that students and researchers can search on-the-fly while writing their papers. The REF-N-WRITE phrase bank is available as a part of the Academic Phrasebank Navigable PDF. Gladys Ngwa. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. This paper. A short summary of this paper. 35 Full PDFs related to this paper. READ PAPER. Academic Phrasebank Navigable PDF. Download. Academic Phrasebank Navigable PDF. Gladys Ngwa
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